Atrial fibrillation
In atrial fibrillation, the atria lose the ability to
contract properly, producing an irregular and rapid heartbeat. Atrial fibrillation
(also called “a fib”) is a growing problem in the United States. This is
because of the aging of the American population, and the increasing incidence
of atrial fibrillation in older individuals. In addition, more people are
surviving heart attacks and more are living with congestive heart failure;
these people are especially prone to have atrial fibrillation. This arrhythmia
usually requires medicines to slow the heart rate as well as lifelong treatment
with anticoagulants (blood thinners), such as warfarin. Anticoagulants
are used to prevent blood clots from forming in the heart, a common problem
in atrial fibrillation. These clots can dislodge to cause a stroke. Another
treatment option for atrial fibrillation is called cardioversion.
Cardioversion refers to the use of small paddles that deliver a small electrical
shock through the chest wall to the heart. This procedure can restore your
heart's normal rhythm. Your doctor will give you mild anesthesia at the
time of a cardioversion so the shock is not felt.
In some cases, your doctor may give you an antiarrhythmic
medication during or after a cardioversion. These medicines can decrease
the risk of going back into atrial fibrillation. The benefits of keeping
you out of atrial fibrillation need to be weighed against the possible
side effects of the medication.
Sick sinus syndrome
Sick sinus syndrome is a common arrhythmia, typically
seen in older people. If you have sick sinus syndrome, the heart rate alternates
between going too fast and too slow. The slow heart rate is usually the
main problem, often causing fainting spells or brief periods of lightheadedness.
When sick sinus syndrome causes fainting or lightheadedness, a pacemaker
may be required.
Heart block
Heart block refers to impaired communication between
the top and bottom chambers of the heart. It can result from aging, coronary
artery disease, medications, or even Lyme disease. When severe, a pacemaker
may be required.
